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Record W4414475652 · doi:10.1080/23279095.2025.2560538

One hundred and ten fundamentals of performance validity tests in neuropsychological forensic disability and related assessment III: Core sources

2025· review· en· W4414475652 on OpenAlexaffabout
Gerald Young, Jason R. Soble, Konstantine K. Zakzanis

Bibliographic record

VenueApplied Neuropsychology Adult · 2025
Typereview
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicTraumatic Brain Injury Research
Canadian institutionsThe Scarborough HospitalUniversity of Toronto
Fundersnot available
KeywordsNeuropsychologyNeuropsychological assessmentForensic scienceMalingeringTest (biology)GuidelineForensic psychiatryNeuropsychological test

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This third of five articles in the set on fundamentals on performance validity tests (PVTs) in forensic neuropsychological assessment reviews core sources toward elucidating a list of 100+ fundamentals that apply to forensic neuropsychological assessment. PVTs are standardized psychometric tests especially aimed at determining the extent of examinee underperformance, to the point that their cognitive test performance can be deemed invalid, and not representative of their genuine abilities. The sources reviewed in the article include a six-article series by the Young group; position statements, especially that of the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology; ethics and guideline documents, especially the American and Canadian ethic codes and the American Specialty Guidelines for Forensic Psychology; as well as critical reviews, including those of leading authors in practice and on the topic of biases. The article provides summary commentaries that will be useful for trainees as well as psychologists working in the field. The article supports continued use of PVTs in forensic neuropsychological assessment, albeit with standard caution, and with keeping up to date on the literature.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.954
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0030.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.002
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0010.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.146
GPT teacher head0.426
Teacher spread0.280 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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