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Measuring the semantic priming effect across many languages
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Bibliographic record
VenueNature Human Behaviour · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldNeuroscience
TopicNeurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Canadian institutionsUniversité du Québec à Trois-RivièresInnovation and Economic Development Trois RivièresUniversity of WaterlooUniversity of AlbertaAlberta Glycomics CentreMemorial University of NewfoundlandWestern UniversityUniversité du Québec à Montréal
FundersHelse Sør-Øst RHFComisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y TecnológicaAgencia Estatal de InvestigaciónFundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceLeibniz-GemeinschaftAgencia Nacional de Investigación y DesarrolloUniversidad de TalcaAgentúra na Podporu Výskumu a VývojaNarodowym Centrum NaukiNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaAustrian Science FundComunidad de MadridAgence Nationale de la RechercheJohn Templeton FoundationDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftVlaamse regeringLeverhulme TrustEuropean CommissionNational Research University Higher School of EconomicsFonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
KeywordsPriming (agriculture)Semantic memorySemantic relationRobustness (evolution)CognitionSemantics (computer science)
Abstract
No abstract in any covered source. Its absence is recorded, not treated as a negative.
No abstract. This is not a gap in this database; OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.028
Threshold uncertainty score0.621
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.023
GPT teacher head0.353
Teacher spread0.329 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations3
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractno