Measurement of soil deformations in vane shear tests on low-strength clays
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Assessing the effect of a submarine slide impact on seabed infrastructure requires soil strength measurements across a range of strain rates at water contents that span the solid–fluid transition. Although vane shear tests have been used to make such measurements, quantifying the operational strain rate associated with the measured soil strength is somewhat uncertain as this will depend on how soil is assumed to move beyond the vane blades—specifically whether soil movement is assumed to be continuous (and diminishing) with increasing radius, or whether it is assumed to be confined within a strain localisation of finite width. In view of this, this paper applies image-based deformation measurement techniques to measure soil movements in vane shear tests on low-strength clays (with peak strength less than 1 kPa) at different vane rotations (and hence mobilised soil strengths), and at different rotational velocities. The experimental observations reveal a diffuse deformation zone before the peak shear stress is mobilised, which then shows the expected narrowing with increasing vane rotation due to strain softening. However, narrower deformation widths were observed at the circumference of the vane blades in tests with lower rotational velocities, which is interpreted as being due to a combination of strain rate effects and local drainage.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".