The Methyltransferase Protein Encoded by Ustilaginoidea virens Polymycovirus 1 Suppresses Autophagy in <i>Ustilaginoidea virens</i> to Promote Viral Infection and Confer Host Hypovirulence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rice false smut (RFS), caused by the ascomycete fungus Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takahashi (teleomorph: Villosiclava virens ), is a major panicle disease affecting rice production. Hypovirulence-associated mycoviruses represent promising biocontrol agents against plant fungal diseases. Here, we isolated a novel mycovirus, Ustilaginoidea virens polymycovirus 1 (UvPMV1), which alters the biological characteristics of the host fungus. Our findings demonstrate that UvPMV1 suppresses the autophagy pathway in U. virens and that autophagy is an essential defense mechanism during UvPMV1 infection. The methyltransferase (MT) protein encoded by UvPMV1 acted as an autophagy inhibitor and hypovirulence inducer by specifically interacting with the autophagy-related protein UvAtg6. Furthermore, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed intricate virus–host interaction mechanisms. Collectively, we propose a model in which viral disruption of UvAtg6-mediated autophagy suppresses host defenses to enhance mycoviral proliferation. These findings present a promising biocontrol strategy against RFS and provide new insights into the agricultural application of mycoviruses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".