Food banks, food diversion, and other responses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter documents the growth and proliferation of a variety of charitable non-governmental responses to the problems of food insecurity in Canada and the UK. This has been associated with an exponential growth of food banks, food diversion schemes, and other community-based activities such as community gardens and kitchens, children’s feeding programmes, and food distribution to families plans. Each will be defined and examples in Canada and the UK provided. The history of these charitable efforts is documented, as is the role played by labour unions, churches, and other well-meaning advocates. It is shown that all these responses are problematic as they fail to address the economic and political causes of food insecurity. Particular details are provided of further failures associated with charitable responses to food insecurity such as the experience of stigma and degradation by users of food banks and promulgation of the belief that food insecurity is being addressed. The role that the corporate sector plays in creating food insecurity is considered and placed alongside their involvement with these charitable efforts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.022 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".