Microstructure and ice dynamics – Integrating Grain Properties, Fabric, and Borehole Data in the NEEM Ice Core
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. The physical properties of ice grains, including grain size and orientation, are fundamental to understanding ice flow and deformation processes in polar ice sheets. This study leverages a newly developed large-area scanning microscope (xLASM) and an automated microtome to non-destructively analyze the NEEM ice core's microstructure across 55 cm segments. The resulting microstructural data are compared with continuous flow analysis (CFA) measurements of impurity concentrations, fabric orientation, and shear strain rates over a 16-meter section (2004–2020 m depth) that spans the Last Glacial Maximum and abrupt climatic transitions during Dansgaard-Oeschger event GS-20. Our results reveal strong associations between grain size, impurity concentrations, and shear deformation rates, with impurity-rich, fine-grained stadial ice exhibiting higher shear strain rates. The ice fabric remains stable despite the changes in shear deformation, indicating that, in this case, the fabric is not the cause of the changing deformation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".