Multivalent Rh@RhO<sub><i>x</i></sub> and MnO<sub><i>x</i></sub>-Modified CdS for Robust and Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rh is considered an effective HER active site, but the impact of the oxide layer formed by exposure to air on HER has been ignored. Here, Rh@RhO x and MnO x are used to enhance the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of CdS by vacuum photodeposition method. We leverage the built-in electric field generated between the supporter and cocatalysts, as well as the valence state transitions of multivalent cocatalysts, to achieve maximum photocarrier separation. Through in situ XPS, H 2 O-TPD, ESR, LSV, and TPV, the roles of Rh@RhO x and MnO x were thoroughly investigated. First, Rh@RhO x and MnO x act as reducing and oxidizing cocatalysts, respectively. Second, water (H 2 O) adsorption and activation are accomplished on their surfaces. Third, RhO x facilitates the formation of adsorbed H 2 (H ads ), while MnO x efficiently consumes photogenerated holes (h + ) through the generation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH). At their maximum effective concentrations, photogenerated electrons interact with H ads and H 2 O to generate H 2 . The hydrogen evolution rate of the optimal sample (R 0.7 CM 1.5 ) was 78.95 mmol·g –1 ·h –1, which was 415 times higher than that of CdS. This study provides a convenient and feasible modification scheme for commercially available HER photocatalysts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".