Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. Satellite and reanalysis data sets are used to find and explain the drivers of a multidecadal sea level rise hiatus in the tropical North Atlantic margin off northwest Africa. The study domain sea level was rising as far back as 1986, and the hiatus began around 2010 and stopped in 2019. Mean sea level anomaly during a rising period (1996–2004) was compared to the hiatus period (2010–2018). Results show that domain-wide seawater expansion owing to shifts in density structure (steric shifts) contributed 74 % of the multidecadal sea level shift and increase in mass contributed 22 %. There are, however, regional differences in the steric and mass shift patterns. In the northern subdomain, the steric shift is dominated by salinity-driven (halosteric) expansion, whereas in the southern subdomain the steric shift is dominated by temperature-driven (thermosteric) expansion. Stronger anticyclonic circulation shift in the Guinea Dome, a permanent upwelling region where isotherms are displaced upwards, and the necessary adjustment of horizontal flow toward this anticyclonic sink, enable accumulation of low-salinity water in the northern subdomain and precipitation in the southern subdomain. The low-salinity water influx to the northern subdomain is linked to a shift in the southward-flowing Canary Current. This current was freshened by subpolar North Atlantic waters that reached the northwest African coast via two pathways: an open ocean path that is consistent with the Azores current, and a Western Europe coastal ocean path. These results highlight a multidecadal linkage between subpolar salinity anomalies and tropical sea level anomalies in the North Atlantic, with a transit period of about 5.5 years.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.022 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.020 | 0.020 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.163 | 0.132 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".