Effect of ultrafine slag and metakaolin blend on the properties of high-strength dry-mix concrete for potential application in concrete masonry unit production
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a high-strength and low-Portland cement content dry-mix concrete with properties important for concrete block masonry unit manufacturing. First, the effect of six aggregate gradations on the compressive strength of dry-mix concretes made with a commercial Portland/Portland limestone cement was studied. Then, the aggregate that provided the highest strength was selected to prepare a dry-mix concrete that contained 50% of that cement together with an ultrafine granulated blast furnace slag (UFS) and a locally available medium-grade metakaolin (MK). Another binder that contained commercial slag combined with MK was also considered for comparison. The concretes were tested for the compressive strength, water absorption, permeable voids volume, bulk electrical resistivity, and freeze–thaw resistance. Results showed that the concrete incorporating MK–UFS achieved a 28-day compressive strength of ∼70 MPa, while that with MK–slag reached ∼56 MPa. The concrete with MK–UFS also exhibited reduced water absorption and improved freeze–thaw resistance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".