Nanoscale profiling of evolving intermolecular interactions in ageing FUS condensates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Protein condensates can exist in different states with distinct material properties, corresponding to specific cellular functions. These material properties, however, remain difficult to characterise, in part due to the technical challenges associated with studying condensed states. Here, to address this problem, we combine a microfluidic sample deposition technique that preserves the solution properties of condensates on surfaces with a nanometre-resolution spatial mapping method to characterise the time-dependent material properties of condensates of the fused in sarcoma (FUS) protein. This approach revealed two distinct phase transitions within FUS condensates. We first observed a spatially heterogeneous disorder-to-order transition initiating at the condensate interfaces and associated with intermolecular β-sheet formation. This process was then followed by the gelation of the condensate core, arising from an increase in the density of intermolecular interactions between intrinsically disordered regions. Overall, this study identifies molecular conformations associated with emergent phases of FUS condensates, and establishes a technology platform to understand the role of nanometre-scale phase changes in protein condensates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".