Zebrin II Expression in the Cerebellum of a Passerine Bird Species: Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia castanotis)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Zebrin II (ZII) is a glycolytic enzyme that is expressed in cerebellar Purkinje cells. In both mammals and birds, ZII is expressed heterogeneously, such that there are sagittal stripes of Purkinje cells with a high ZII expression (ZII+) alternating with stripes of Purkinje cells with little or no expression (ZII-). To date, ZII expression studies examined at least one species from most of the major branches of the avian phylogeny including Paleognatha (tinamous, kiwi), Galloanseres (chicken), Columbaves (pigeon), and Elementaves (hummingbird). In this regard, the most glaring omission is that a species from Telluraves, a clade that contains 75% of all avian species, has not been studied. METHODS: In this paper, we examined ZII expression in the zebra finch Taeniopygia castanotis (order Passeriformes). Given that Telluraves have evolved sophisticated hindlimb movements associated with the jump to arboreality, we hypothesized that ZII expression would differ in those areas of the cerebellum that have a strong representation of the hindlimbs, namely folia II-V and IX. RESULTS: Contrary to our prediction, we found that the pattern of ZII expression in the cerebellum is highly similar to that observed in other bird species. In folium I, all Purkinje cells are ZII+. In the rest of the anterior lobe (folia II-V) there are 4 pairs of ZII+/- stripes. In the posterior lobe, folia VI-VII all Purkinje cells are ZII+, in folia VIII-IXcd there are 5-7 pairs of ZII+/- stripes, and in folium X all Purkinje cells are ZII+. Moreover, the expression of ZII+ in Purkinje cell terminals in the cerebellar and vestibular nuclei was similar to that observed in other species. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that the pattern of heterogeneous expression of ZII in cerebellar Purkinje is likely conserved across the entirety of the avian phylogenetic tree.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".