Intrinsically Fluorescent Nano‐Scaled Peptide Aggregates Upon Arginine to Citrulline Swap
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The supramolecular assembly of short peptides into ordered structures offers promise for developing bio-nanomaterials with diverse applications in drug delivery, electronics, and optical engineering. Intrinsic fluorescence of polypeptide aggregates is typically associated with delocalization of electron densities in dense hydrogen bonding networks, dipolar coupling of aromatic amino acid residues, and possibly by the 'cluster-derived luminescence' associated with supramolecular structures. In a handful of examples, self-assembly of short peptides has provided ordered intrinsically fluorescent nanostructures. In this study, replacement of a single arginine residue with citrulline in a macrocyclic peptide has led to intrinsic fluorescence. The parent arginine-containing peptide macrocycle was previously shown to adopt a β-sheet conformation that aggregated into nonfluorescent spherical particles. The change from the electrostatic positive charge of the guanidine side chain to a hydrogen bonding neutral urea caused the β-sheet peptide to aggregate into larger-sized intrinsically fluorescent rods by a phenomenon that is ascribed to electron delocalization through π-π stacking interactions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".