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Record W4414600864 · doi:10.1177/00220574251383467

Exploring the Barriers to and Facilitators of Inclusive Physical Education for Canadian Elementary and Middle School Students: A Scoping Review

2025· article· en· W4414600864 on OpenAlexaffabout
Praveen Nadesan, Mehnaz Munir, Laura Banfield, Shania Bhopa, Gita Wahi, Matthew Kwan, Nick Bellissimo, Sujane Kandasamy, Deborah DiLiberto, Rosemary A. Condillac, Joseph Beyene, Diana Sherifali, Kyoung June Yi, Mary Crea‐Arsenio, Younghoon Lee, Russell J. de Souza

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of Education · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicInclusion and Disability in Education and Sport
Canadian institutionsMcMaster University Medical CentreBrock UniversityHamilton Health SciencesPopulation Health Research InstituteMcMaster University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPhysical educationEthnically diverseInclusion (mineral)Cultural diversitySpecial educationPrimary education

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This scoping review aims to identify what is known about the barriers to and facilitators of inclusive physical education for Canadian elementary and middle school students. Six electronic databases were searched to identify Canadian articles published between 2000 and 2022. Overall, 38 studies were included and after summarizing their results, four categories of barriers and facilitators were identified: disabilities, cultural diversity, gender binary, and teacher related factors. Within each, seven themes were identified. The review also revealed limited exploration of disabled students’ first-hand perspectives, ethnically diverse groups, gender diverse youth, intersectionality, and inclusion training within physical education teacher education programs.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: Qualitative
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.466
Threshold uncertainty score0.998

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.046
GPT teacher head0.429
Teacher spread0.383 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designQualitative
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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