L’intégration de la Russie sur les marchés internationaux d’hydrocarbures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Depuis 1990, la Russie a été un acteur important du projet de mondialisation du marché pétrolier et du marché gazier. Exportatrice majeure, elle a progressivement dessiné une réforme de ses industries d’hydrocarbures lui permettant tout à la fois de maintenir cette position, mais aussi d’influer sur la dynamique de la concurrence internationale. Toutefois, la guerre en Ukraine modifie en profondeur les modalités d’intégration de la Russie sur ces marchés internationaux – jusqu’à modifier son rôle mais aussi les caractéristiques mêmes de sa réforme ? On commence à percevoir les implications pour les marchés internationaux des nouveaux rapports énergétiques internationaux nés de la guerre en Ukraine. Et celles-ci s’avèrent déjà fortement différenciées pour le pétrole et le gaz.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".