Distal impact-related surface flows associated with the well-preserved Tokmok Crater, Noachis Terra, Mars
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Meteorite impact craters on Mars display a diverse range of ejecta morphologies. A number of studies have suggested the presence of impact ejecta deposits beyond the limit of the canonical proximal continuous ejecta blanket, which on Mars is often marked by a topographic high, or “rampart”. It is currently uncertain how such deposits beyond the rampart form, and under what conditions. With the goal of answering such questions, we identified and characterized extensive surface flow deposits beyond the proximal ejecta blanket of Tokmok Crater, a ~ 9 km-diameter well-preserved crater in central Noachis Terra (29.405°S 351.319°E). We refer to these as Distal Flow Deposits (DFDs). We recognize two types: Type 1 flows develop at the base of source crater facing slopes as fan-like accumulations of smooth surfaced material. Type 2 flows form channel-fill like deposits within confining topography that funnel material from flat-lying regions. Through the identification, morphological mapping, and morphometric analysis of various impact units, the DFDs studied here are interpreted to represent the emplacement of outwardly mobilized ground-hugging flows subject to some form of impact-induced fluidization. DFD slope values are consistently below the dynamic angle of repose (Type 1 average = 6°; Type 2 average = 8.4°). DFDs are shown to accumulate where existing target topography captures more extended ejecta than surrounding flat-lying terrains that are resurfaced or obscured by the same deposits. Such deposits are shown to exist well beyond the proximal continuous ejecta blanket, which has important implications for geomorphological studies across Mars.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".