An ASR exposure site after 30 years – Chemical composition of hydrates and ASR products
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Concrete specimens containing two aggregates susceptible to alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and various supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) have been exposed outdoors since 1992. After 30 years of expansion monitoring, some specimens were cored to conduct an in-depth analysis of their condition. The chemical compositions of the hydrates and the ASR products were quantified with SEM-EDS. All SCMs increased the Si/Ca of the C-(A)-S-H, but the extent varied depending on their composition, amount and degree of reaction. Larger amounts of SCMs resulted in lower degrees of reaction. The ASR products inside aggregate particles of non-boosted concrete mixtures were crystalline. Their Ca/Si was in the range 0.21–0.24, independent of the binder and the aggregate types. The (Na + K)/Ca was usually in the range 0.31–0.35. The Na/K varied more, correlating with the respective ratios in the binder. The Al content of the ASR products inside aggregate particles was not influenced by the presence of Al-rich SCMs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".