Thalamic nuclei volume changes associated with cognitive and motor manifestations of Parkinson’s disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Motor and cognitive symptoms are key features of Parkinson's disease (PD), which typically appear over time as the disease progresses. The thalamus, a central hub within basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits, plays a crucial role in motor, sensory, and cognitive functions. This study examined thalamic nuclei volume and lateralization in individuals with PD and healthy controls, and explored their associations with cognitive and motor measures using partial least squares analysis. We found that cognitive alterations were linked to volume changes in specific nuclei of the anterior, ventral, medial, and posterior thalamic nuclear groups. Notably, the anteroventral and ventral posterolateral nuclei showed strong associations with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment used to assess mild cognitive impairment. Motor impairment was associated with volume lateralization asymmetries in the centromedian, mediodorsal medial, pulvinar anterior, and pulvinar medial nuclei. These findings underscore the multifaceted role of the thalamus in the motor and cognitive manifestations of this neurodegenerative disorder.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".