RIPK3 impacts antibody generation in an induced model of murine lupus through mechanisms other than necroptosis and antigen presentation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) is a protein involved in cell death and inflammatory processes. The most recognized function of RIPK3 is the induction of necroptosis, an inflammatory type of cell death that is dependent on RIPK3 kinase activity. Deficiency in RIPK3-dependent pathways has been associated with protection from various inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the generation of autoantibodies to multiple intracellular antigens leading to multi-organ pathology. Little is known about the involvement of RIPK3-dependent pathways in SLE. We have previously shown that autoantibody generation in an induced model of murine lupus is impaired in RIPK3-deficient mice. The current study aimed to identify the RIPK3-dependent mechanisms that contribute to autoantibody generation in this induced model of murine lupus. Methods SLE was induced in C57BL/6 (wild type), RIPK3-/-, RIPK3K51A/K51A, and MLKL-/- mice by subcutaneous immunization with a mixture of β2-glycoprotein I and lipopolysaccharide in order to evaluate the contribution of RIPK3 and MLKL to autoantibody production in this model. Bone marrow chimeras were generated to investigate the impact of RIPK3 deficiency within the hematopoietic compartment. Antigen presentation assays assessed the impact of RIPK3 deficiency in antigen presenting cells on T cell activation in vitro. T cells were evaluated ex vivo by flow cytometry following the induction of SLE in wild type and RIPK3-dependent pathway-deficient mice. Results Generation of autoantibodies to SLE antigens following immunization with β2-glycoprotein I and lipopolysaccharide was found to be dependent on RIPK3 activity, but independent of MLKL (i.e., RIPK3-dependent necroptosis). Bone marrow chimeric experiments revealed that RIPK3 mediates autoantibody generation through both immune and non-immune compartments. RIPK3 deficiency within antigen presenting cells did not impact T cell activation in vitro. Moreover, early and late T cell activation ex vivo was not impaired in RIPK3-deficient mice following induction of murine lupus. Conclusion These results suggest that RIPK3 contributes to autoantibody generation in our induced model of murine lupus through an interplay of pathways that appear to be independent of necroptosis and antigen presentation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".