A root and crown rot pathogen complex of <i>Fusarium</i> and <i>Globisporangium</i> species affecting outdoor-grown cannabis ( <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.) plants in British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Plants of high THC-containing Cannabis sativa L. (cannabis) grown outdoors in south-central British Columbia showing symptoms of stunted growth, yellowing, and leaf curl were sampled during April–August, 2023. Root and crown tissues from three genotypes were surface-sterilized and plated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) containing 130 mg L−1 streptomycin sulphate. Emerging colonies were identified using morphological criteria and PCR of the ITS1–ITS4 region of ribosomal DNA. Leaf tissues were tested for beet curly top virus and hop latent viroid using pathogen-specific PCR primers. The genera and species recovered from affected root and crown tissues (in decreasing order) were Globisporangium sylvaticum, Fusarium commune, F. equiseti, F. sporotrichioides and F. acuminatum. In leaf tissues of one genotype (‘Grandaddy Bruce’), the presence of hop latent viroid was confirmed. A mixture of mycelium and spores of the fungal and oomycete isolates was used to inoculate stem cuttings, rooted cuttings and hydroponically grown plants of cannabis genotype ‘Powdered Donuts’. Disease incidence and severity were rated after 3–4 weeks, depending on the tissues used. In all experiments, isolates of G. sylvaticum and F. commune were the most pathogenic, followed by F. acuminatum and F. sporotrichioides. There was minimal disease development following F. equiseti inoculation. Symptoms of stunting, root browning and decay were observed with F. commune, G. sylvaticum, F. acuminatum and F. sporotrichioides, all of which are reported for the first time as root pathogens affecting C. sativa in Canada. Combined inoculation of G. sylvaticum with F. commune produced more severe root symptoms than either pathogen alone.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".