Psychometric Validation of Culturally Adapted Tool for Measuring Attitudes Toward Domestic Violence: Bridging Social Norms and Community Interventions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Domestic violence against women (DVAW) is a global health issue, particularly in areas with patriarchal norms and a lack of culturally relevant assessment tools. We developed a culturally adapted questionnaire to measure community attitudes toward DVAW in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving expert review, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and assessments of internal consistency. The study included a convenience sample of 831 adult participants, comprising 417 males and 414 females. RESULTS: The adapted instrument showed excellent psychometric properties (Cronbach's alpha = 0.93) and strong validity across demographic groups. Although excluding acceptance-oriented items narrowed the conceptual scope, the remaining items effectively measure key dimensions of DVAW rejection, reflecting community attitudes and their mental health implications. DISCUSSION: This reliable instrument measures community attitudes toward DVAW. Future work may explore cognitive neuroscience methods to study attitude change and the long-term effects of culturally adapted interventions on mental health.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".