Response of mate harm to sex-separated gene pools
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Competition among males to fertilize females can generate sex differences in selection. At the genetic level, alternative alleles can be favoured in each sex (intralocus sexual conflict, IASC). At the phenotypic level, males can evolve traits that are harmful to the females with whom they interact. Here we used experimental evolution in Drosophila melanogaster to examine how relaxing IASC affected the evolution of mate harm. Genetically variable Chromosome 2s evolved in two separate pools within each population. One pool experienced patrilinear inheritance (segregated like a Y-chromosome) and male-limited selection, while the alternative pool segregated like an X-chromosome and experienced female-biased selection. We measured female fitness when exposed to males carrying either chromosome type at either normal (continuous) or reduced (periodic) male exposure, over three time periods. Males carrying either type of chromosome were harmful to females, but males carrying a male-limited chromosome displayed increased harmfulness, suggesting ongoing selection for mate harm that is constrained under normal inheritance. The magnitude and direction of the effect of male interaction on female fitness was highly sensitive to time of measurement, and we observed a brief period where increased interaction with males was beneficial to females.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".