Surface Wave Electron Acceleration from Flat Foils at Parallel Laser Incidence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The acceleration of electrons by surface plasma waves (SPWs) generated during the interaction of ultrashort, linearly polarized, and contrast-enhanced laser pulses at a peak intensity of ∼6×10^{20} W cm^{-2} with flat, noncorrugated foils at parallel incidence (with respect to the target surface) is investigated. We experimentally demonstrate the generation of a collimated electron beam (<0.6 mrad) with a non-Maxwellian spectrum, characterized by peaks at superponderomotive energies (30-36 MeV) and total charge ∼120 pC. Through particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, we identify the J×B force at the front edge as the primary mechanism for injecting electrons into the SPW, where they are further accelerated. Furthermore, our simulation findings reveal that lateral surface contaminants influence SPW dynamics and give rise to a long-ranging plasmonic mode.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".