Relationship Between Pesticide Use and Cognitive Impairment in an Agricultural Community of Tomohon City, North Sulawesi
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigates the cognitive effects of pesticide exposure on agricultural workers from a village in Tomohon City, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Employing a cross-sectional design from July to September 2024. This study assessed the demographic characteristics, pesticide exposure patterns, and cognitive function of 97 participants aged ≥18 using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-INA). The findings reveal a clear association between direct and indirect pesticide exposure and cognitive impairment. Direct exposure was linked to slightly lower cognitive scores than indirect exposure, with both groups scoring below established thresholds for normal cognitive function, particularly in memory, attention, and executive functions. Inconsistent use of personal protective equipment was noted among participants, with common immediate symptoms including visual disturbances and memory deficits following pesticide application. These results suggest that minimal pesticide exposure may contribute to cognitive decline, potentially accelerating age-related impairments. The underlying neurotoxic mechanisms likely involve oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation, which disrupt neuronal integrity. These findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced occupational health policies, stricter safety measures, and further research to mitigate the cognitive risks of pesticide exposure in agricultural populations.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it