Geminate Parasite Species: Two New <i>Gyrodactylus</i> (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea) Infecting <i>Dormitator</i> spp. (Gobiiformes, Eleotridae) in the Pacific and Atlantic Coasts of Mexico Are Twin Lineages
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT In this study, we describe two species of Gyrodactylus that parasitize fat sleeper fish on the coasts of Mexico: Gyrodactylus maculatus sp. n. infecting Dormitator maculatus in the Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic Ocean, and Gyrodactylus latifrons sp. n. infecting Dormitator latifrons along the Pacific coast. We used morphological and molecular data (ITS rDNA, cox2 mtDNA, 18S rDNA, and 28S rDNA) to erect and characterise the new species. Three species delimitation methods (Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery, Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning, and Multispecies Coalescent Model) and phylogenetic analyses (Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference) supported the recognition of the new species, which were shown to be geminate species. The occurrence of twin lineages of parasites on geminate host species estimated to have diverged ca . 0.4–5.1 million years ago, following the closure of the Central American Isthmus suggests that this vicariant event also resulted in the simultaneous evolution of geminate monogenean species. The use of four different molecular markers also enabled us to contribute to the ongoing discussion on the classification and phylogeny of the family Gyrodactylidae, by supporting previous findings suggesting that the genus Gyrodactylus is paraphyletic, and emphasises the importance of integrating both genetic and morphological data to develop a comprehensive classification system for this complex group of parasites.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".