Significance of T2 hyperintensity in extraocular muscle hypertrophy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Inflammation of the extraocular muscles (EOM), or myositis, results in an enlargement and thickening of the muscle. This disorder is encountered in orbital inflammation syndrome due to thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) or systemic disease. The goal of this study was to evaluate the significance of T2 hyperintensity on MRI in the case of EOM myositis. In this retrospective study, we focused our data collection on the presence or absence of MRI-T2 hyperintensity in the EOMs and criteria described in the ophthalmologist's record, such as ocular pain, motility restriction, proptosis and redness. MRI examinations were performed on a 3.0 T system with a 16-channel head coil, with Gadolinium injection prior to the scan. Conventional structural imaging included axial T1 weighted imaging, axial T2-weighted imaging, and axial, coronal, and oblique sagittal T2-weighted imaging with fat-suppression sequences. In total, 26 patients (42 orbits) were included in this study. Eighteen patients (31 orbits) showed T2 hyperintensity in at least one muscle. Thirty of 31 orbits with T2 hyperintensity showed EOM hypertrophy ( P ≤ 0.0001). The mean number of hypertrophied EOMs was 2.67 ± 2.47. Ten patients underwent MRI prior to and after the conclusion of treatment. Interestingly, 50% of all patients with a history of oral corticosteroid treatment for myositis still had T2 hyperintensity on their MRI scans. T2 hyperintensity is strongly correlated with enlargement of the muscle. The persistence of a T2 hypersignal after corticosteroid treatment requires another study to better understand the clinical significance of this parameter. L’inflammation d'un muscle extra-oculaire ou myosite se traduit par une hypertrophie/épaississement du muscle. On observe surtout cette anomalie dans le syndrome d’inflammation orbitaire dû à une orbitopathie dysthyroïdienne ou dans le syndrome inflammatoire orbitaire idiopathique (SIOI). Le but de l’étude était d’évaluer l’intérêt de l’hypersignal T2 en IRM dans le cas d’une myosite de l’orbite. Dans cette étude rétrospective, nous avons focalisé nos données sur la présence d’un hypersignal T2 en IRM des muscles oculo-moteurs associés à la douleur oculaire, la restriction de la motilité, l’exophtalmie et la rougeur. Les examens IRM ont été réalisés sur un système 3.0 T avec une bobine de tête à 16 canaux avec injection de Gadolinium. L’imagerie structurelle conventionnelle comprenait une imagerie axiale pondérée en T1, une imagerie axiale pondérée en T2 et une imagerie sagittale axiale, coronale et oblique pondérée en T2 avec des séquences de suppression de la graisse. Au total, 26 patients dont 42 orbites ont été retenus pour cette étude. Dix-huit patients (31 orbites) présentaient des signaux d’hypersignal T2 dans au moins un muscle. Trente des 31 orbites présentaient un hypersignal T2 avec une hypertrophie du muscle ( p ≤ 0,0001). La mesure de l’hypertrophie musculaire était de 2,67 ± 2,47. Dix patients ont bénéficié d’une IRM avant et après la fin du traitement. L’hypersignal T2 dans les myosites des muscles oculo-moteurs est corrélé à l’augmentation de la taille du muscle. La persistance d’un hypersignal T2 après traitement corticoïde nécessite une autre étude pour mieux comprendre l’intérêt clinique.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".