Distinct Ultrastructural Properties and Plasticity of Synapses Formed by Adult-Born and Early-Born Interneurons in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The olfactory bulb (OB) is one of the few regions in the adult brain that receives newly generated neuronal precursors throughout the lifespan of animals. These neuronal precursors differentiate into OB interneurons, mostly granule cells (GCs), and integrate into the bulbar network by forming dendro-dendritic reciprocal synapses with OB principal neurons. The ultrastructural properties and plasticity of these synapses and whether they are distinct from those formed by early-born, resident GCs remain unknown. In the present study, we assessed the ultrastructural properties of dendro-dendritic reciprocal synapses formed by either adult-born or resident, early-born GCs with principal neurons in mice of both sexes and studied their plasticity following sensory deprivation and odor learning. The synapses formed by either adult-born or resident, early-born GCs with principal bulbar neurons were undistinguishable in terms of area, diameter, and aspect ratio. In contrast, the synapses formed by adult-born GCs were characterized by a smaller synaptic cleft and a larger density of total and docked synaptic vesicles than synapses formed by resident GCs. Sensory deprivation and odor learning decreased and increased, respectively, the overall density and the number of docked synaptic vesicles in adult-born and resident GCs forming synapses with principal neurons. Our results revealed important differences in the ultrastructural properties of synapses formed by interneurons born at distinct developmental stages and revealed their plasticity in response to sensory deprivation and odor learning.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".