Multivariate stacked regression pipeline to estimate correlated macro and micronutrients in potato plants using visible and near-infrared reflectance spectra
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ability to sense nutrient status in potato plants using spectroscopy has several merits including the ability to proactively respond to deficiencies of certain elements. While research so far has focused on finding spectral signatures of elements based on their foliar reflectance, the influence of the spectral signatures of the elements on each other in estimating their concentrations in the plant has not been investigated. This work presents a pipeline of stacked regression models capable of accurately estimating nutrient concentrations based on the foliar reflectance. A data set was built from 179 samples of petioles collected across two growing seasons, consisting of the chemical concentrations of 11 nutrients with spectral reflectance values between 400 and 2500 nm. The pipeline consisted of a base layer composed of a multiple univariate linear Lasso regression models to find the initial independent signatures of each nutrient, followed by a layer of nonlinear models to correlate these signatures and account for their interdependencies before finalizing the estimation. The results show that adding this second layer improved estimation performance for 10 and 9 nutrients out of 12 in the dried and fresh mode, respectively, with large improvements in predictive performance for some critical micronutrients such as Zn, Fe, and Al.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".