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Measurement of isolated prompt photon production in pp and p–Pb collisions at the LHC
S. Acharya, Apar Agarwal, Gianluca Aglieri Rinella, Luca Aglietta, M. Agnello, N. Agrawal, Z. Ahammed, S. Ahmad, S. U. Ahn, I. Ahuja, A. Akindinov, Valentina Akishina, Mohammad Al-Turany, Dmitry Aleksandrov, B. Alessandro, H. M. Alfanda, R. Alfaro Molina, Bushra Ali, A. Alici, Negin Alizadehvandchali, A. Alkin, J. Alme, G. Alocco, T. Alt, Anna Rita Altamura, I. Altsybeev, Jesus Ricardo Alvarado Garcia, M. N. Anaam, C. Andrei, N. Andreou, A. Andronic, Evgeny Andronov, V. Anguelov, F. Antinori, P. Antonioli, N. Apadula, C. Arata, S. Arcelli, R. Arnaldi, Jhoao Gabriel Martins Campos Almeida Arneiro, Ionut Cristian Arsene, Mesut Arslandok, Andre Augustinus, R. Averbeck, Dmitry Averyanov, M. D. Azmi, Hitoshi Baba, A. Badalà, J. Bae, Yunseul Bae, Y. W. Baek, Xiaozhi Bai, R. Bailhache, Yoshini Bailung, R. Bala, A. Baldisseri, Bartosz Baliś, Shubham Bangalia, Zarina Banoo, Veronika Barbasová, F. Barile, L. Barioglio, M. Barlou, Banajit Barman, G. G. Barnaföldi, L. S. Barnby, E. Barreau, V. Barret, Leonardo Barreto de Oliveira Campos, K. Barth, E. Bartsch, Nicole Bastid, S. Basu, G. Batigne, D. Battistini, B. Batyunya, D. Bauri, J. L. Bazo Alba, I. G. Bearden, Pascal Becht, D. Behera, Iouri Belikov, A. D. C. Bell Hechavarria, F. Bellini, R. Bellwied, S. Belokurova, L. G. E. Beltran, Yael Antonio Vásquez Beltran, G. Bencédi, Adel Bensaoula, S. Beolè, Y. Berdnikov, A. Berdnikova, L. Bergmann, Lorenzo Bernardinis, L. Betev, Partha Pratim Bhaduri, A. Bhasin, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, Sumit Bhattarai, L. Bianchi, Jaroslav Bielcik, J. Bielčíková, Alexandre Patrick Bigot, A. Bilandzic, Anna Binoy, G. Bíró, S. Biswas, N. Bize, Justin Thomas Blair, D. Blau, Mihail Bogdan Blidaru, N. Bluhme, Christoph Blume, F. Bock, Tea Bodova, J. Bok, L. Boldizsár, M. Bombara, Peter Matthew Bond, G. Bonomi, Herve Borel, Alexander Borissov, A. G. Borquez Carcamo, E. Botta, Youssef El Mard Bouziani, Diana Catalina Brandibur, L. Bratrud, P. Braun‐Munzinger, M. Bregant, M. Broz, G. Bruno, Valentin Dimitrov Buchakchiev, M. D. Buckland, D. Budnikov, Henner Buesching, S. Bufalino, Paul Alois Buhler, N. Burmasov, Edith Zinhle Buthelezi, Aleksandr Bylinkin, Sebastian Adam Bysiak, Juan Carlos Cabanillas Noris, M. F. T. Cabrera, Helen Louise Caines, A. Calivà, Ernesto Calvo Villar, Juan Manuel Mejia Camacho, P. Camerini, Maria Teresa Camerlingo, Fabio de Moraes Canedo, Stefano Cannito, Sierra Lisa Cantway, Mihai Carabaș, F. Carnesecchi, Leopoldo Abranches de Carvalho, J. Castillo Castellanos, Matteo Castoldi, F. Catalano, Samuele Cattaruzzi, Rebecca Cerri, Irakli Chakaberia, Pritam Chakraborty, S. Chandra, S. Chapeland, M. Chartier, S. Chattopadhay, M. Chen, T. Cheng, C. Cheshkov, Davide Chiappara, Vasco Miguel Chibante Barroso, David Dobrigkeit Chinellato, Fabrizio Chinu, E. S. Chizzali, J. Cho, Soyeon Cho, P. Chochula, Zuzanna Anna Chochulska, Dhrubajyoti Choudhury, S. Choudhury, P. Christakoglou, C. H. Christensen, P. Christiansen, T. Chujo, M. Ciacco, C. Cicalò, Gabriele Cimador, Federico Cindolo, Michael Rudolf Ciupek, Giulia Clai, F. Colamaria, J. S. Colburn, D. Colella, Angelo Colelli, M. Colocci, Matteo Concas, G. Conesa Balbastre, Z. Conesa del Valle, G. Contin, Jesus Guillermo Contreras Nuño, M. L. Coquet, P. Cortese, M. R. Cosentino, Filippo Costa, S. Costanza, Philippe Crochet, Maciej Marek Czarnynoga, A. Dainese, Gautam Dange, Meike Charlotte Danisch, A. Danu, P. Das, Supriya Das, A. Dash, Sadhana Dash, A. De, G. de Cataldo, J. de Cuveland, D. De Gruttola, N. De Marco, Chiara de Martin, S. De Pasquale, Rohaan Deb, R. Del Grande, L. Dello Stritto, Kyle Christian Devereaux, Geovane Grossi Araújo de Souza, P. Dhankher, D. Di Bari, Marcello Di Costanzo, A. Di Mauro, B. Di Ruzza, Batoul Diab, Raul Arteche Diaz, Yanchun Ding, J. Ditzel, Roberto Divia, Ø. Djuvsland, U. Dmitrieva, Alexandru Florin Dobrin, Benjamin Dönigus, Jan Michal Dubinski, A. Dubla, P. Dupieux, Natalia Dzalaiova, Tabea Maria Eder, Raymond James Ehlers, Florian Eisenhut, Ren Ejima, Domenico Elia, B. Erazmus, F. Ercolessi, Bruno Espagnon, G. Eulisse, D. Evans, Sergey Evdokimov, L. Fabbietti, M. Faggin, J. Faivre, W. Fan, A. Fantoni, M. Fasel, Г. Феофилов, A. Fernández Téllez, Lucas Ferrandi de Oliveira, M. B. Ferrer, A. Ferrero, C. Ferrero, A. Ferretti, Victor Jose Gaston Feuillard, V. Filova, Dmitry Finogeev, F. M. Fionda, F. Flor, Amanda Nicole Flores, S. Foertsch, I. Fokin, S. Fokin, Umberto Follo, E. Fragiacomo, Eszter Frajna, Henrik Fribert, U. Fuchs, N. Funicello, C. Furget, A. Furs, T. Fusayasu, J. J. Gaardhøje, M. Gagliardi, Alberto Martin Gago Medina, Tanu Gahlaut, Carlos Duarte Galvan, Sarjeeta Gami, Dhevan Raja Gangadharan, P. Ganoti, Jose Maria Garabatos Cuadrado, Tonatiuh García Chàvez, Edmundo Javier Garcia-Solis, Sara Garetti, Corrado Gargiulo, P. Gasik, Hari Mohan Gaur, Amrit Gautam, M. Germain, Roman August Gernhaeuser, C. Ghosh, Marco Giacalone, Giulia Gioachin, Sushil Giri, P. Giubellino, P. Giubilato, Aude Marie Camille Glaenzer, Peter Glassel, Ewa Glimos, D. J. Q. Goh, V. González, Pavel Gordeev, M. Gorgoń, Kangkan Goswami, S. Gotovac, Varlen Grabski, L. K. Graczykowski, E. Grecka, A. Grelli, C. Grigoras, V. Grigoriev, S. Grigoryan, Ola Slettevoll Groettvik, F. Grosa, Jan Fiete Grosse-Oetringhaus, R. Grosso, D. Grund, N. A. Grunwald, R. Guernane, M. Guilbaud, Kristján Herlache Gulbrandsen, J. K. Gumprecht, T. Gündem, Taku Gunji, Jiacheng Guo, Wenda Guo, R. Gupta, R. Gupta, K. Gwizdziel, Laszlo Gyulai, C. Hadjidakis, Fakhar Ul Haider, S. Haidlova, Manas K. Haldar, H. Hamagaki, Younghoon Han, Brian Gerald Hanley, R. Hannigan, Joachim Hansen, John William Harris, A. Harton, Michael Volker Hartung, Hadi Hassan, D. Hatzifotiadou, Philip Hauer, Laura Brittany Havener, Ernst Hellbär, Haavard Helstrup, Marvin Hemmer, T. Herman, Sabrina Gabrielle Hernandez, Gerardo Antonio Herrera Corral, Sarah Nina Edwige Herrmann, K. F. Hetland, Benedict Heybeck, H. Hillemanns, B. Hippolyte, I. P. M. Hobus, Bas Hofman, Adrian Horzyk, Yongzhen Hou, Peter Zahariev Hristov, Patrick Huhn, Laura Maria Huhta, T. J. Humanic, Alek Hutson, D. Hutter, R. Ilkaev, Radiy Ilkaev, M. Inaba, Mikhail Ippolitov, А. Исаков, T. Isidori, Md Samsul Islam, Semen Iurchenko, M. Ivanov, В. Иванов, K. E. Iversen, M. Jabłoński, B. Jacak, N. Jacazio, Peter Martin Jacobs, S. Jadlovska, J. Jadlovsky, S. Jaelani, C. Jahnke, Monika Joanna Jakubowska, M. A. Janik, Su-Jeong Ji, S. Jia, T. Jiang, Alom Antonio Paz Jimenez, F. Jonas, D. M. Jones, J. M. Jowett, J. Jung, M. Jung, A. Junique, A. Jusko, Jetnipit Kaewjai, Peter Kalinak, Alexander Philipp Kalweit, Ayben Karasu Uysal, D. Karatovic, Nikolaos Karatzenis, O. Karavichev, T. Karavicheva, E. Karpechev, Maja Jadwiga Karwowska, Udo Wolfgang Kebschull, M. Keil, Bernhard Franz Ketzer, Johannes Keul, Swapnesh Santosh Khade, A. M. Khan, S. Khan, A. Khanzadeev, Y. Kharlov, A. Khatun, A. Khuntia, Z. Khuranova, Bjarte Wang-Kileng, B. Kim, Chong Kim, D. J. Kim, Dongguk Kim, E. J. Kim, J. Kim, J. Kim, M. Kim, S. Kim, Taejun Kim, Kento Kimura, S. Kirsch, I. Kisel, S. Kiselev, A. Kisiel, Jennifer Lynn Klay, J. Klein, Spencer Robert Klein, C. Klein-Bösing, Matthias Kleiner, Thomas Klemenz, Alexander Kluge, C. Kobdaj, R. Kohara, T. Kollegger, Andrey Kondratyev, N. Kondratyeva, Joshua Leon Konig, Stephan Alexander Konigstorfer, Piotr Jan Konopka, G. Kornakov, M. Korwieser, Sebastian Dominik Koryciak, Cornelia Koster, Artem Kotliarov, Nino Kovacic, V. Kovalenko, M. Kowalski, V. Kozhuharov, Grigory Kozlov, I. Králik, A. Kravčáková, Marian Krivda, F. Křížek, K. Krizkova Gajdosova, C. Krug, M. Krüger, Diana Mária Krupová, E. Kryshen, V. Kučera, C. Kuhn, P. G. Kuijer, Takuya Kumaoka, Deekshit Kumar, L. Kumar, Navneet Kumar, S. Kumar, S. Kundu, Menghsiu Kuo, Podist Kurashvili, A. Kurepin, A. Kuryakin, S. Kushpil, Vladislav Kuskov, Monika Kutyła, A. V. Kuznetsov, M. J. Kweon, Youngil Kwon, Sarah Louise La Pointe, P. La Rocca, Anantachai Lakrathok, Massimo Lamanna, S. Lambert, Aimeric Robin Landou, Rune Langoy, P. Larionov, E. Laudi, L. Lautner, Rafael Ángel Narcio Laveaga, R. Lavicka, R. Lea, H. Lee, I. Legrand, G. Legras, Alexian Marc Lejeune, Tomasz Marcin Lelek, R. C. Lemmon, I. León Monzón, M. M. Lesch, P. Lévai, M. Li, Peiyu Li, Xiaomei Li, Beatrice Eva Liang-Gilman, J. Lien, Roman Lietava, Bong-Hwi Lim, Hyunji Lim, Sanghoon Lim, Shoulong Lin, Volker Lindenstruth, C. Lippmann, Dominika Líšková, D. H. Liu, J. Liu, Gianni Shigeru Setoue Liveraro, Ingrid Mckibben Lofnes, C. Loizides, S. Lökòs, J. Lömker, X. Lopez, Ernesto Lopez Torres, Clement Lotteau, P. Lu, Weijian Lu, Z. Lu, F. V. Lugo, J. Luo, G. Luparello, Yugang Ma, M. Mager, Antonin Maire, E. M. Majerz, Martin Vasilev Makariev, Mikhail Malaev, G. Malfattore, N. M. Malik, Nazia Malik, S. K. Malik, D. Mallick, Neelkamal Mallick, G. Mandaglio, Sushobhan Kumar Mandal, A. Manea, V. Manko, Amalesh Kumar Manna, F. Manso, Georgios Mantzaridis, V. Manzari, Yaxian Mao, Robert Waclaw Marcjan, G. V. Margagliotti, A. Margotti, Ana Maria Marin, C. Markert, P. Martinengo, Mario Iván Martínez Hernández, G. Martınez García, M. P. P. Martins, Silvia Masciocchi, M. Masera, A. Masoni, L. Massacrier, Olaf Massen, A. Mastroserio, L. Mattei, S. Mattiazzo, A. Matyja, F. Mazzaschi, M. Mazzilli, Y. Melikyan, Maria Monalisa de Melo Paulino, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Jesus Eduardo Munoz Mendez, E. Meninno, A. S. Menon, Marius Wilm Menzel, M. Meres, L. Micheletti, Darius Mihai, Dimitar Lubomirov Mihaylov, Andreas Ulveseth Mikalsen, Konstantin Mikhaylov, N. Minafra, D. Miśkowiec, A. Modak, B. Mohanty, M. Mohisin Khan, Mikael Andreas Molander, M. M. Mondal, Shirajum Monira, C. Mordasini, D. A. Moreira De Godoy, Igor Morozov, Andreas Morsch, Teo Mrnjavac, V. Muccifora, S. Muhuri, A. Mulliri, M. G. Munhoz, Robert Helmut Munzer, Hikari Murakami, L. Musa, J. Mušinský, J. W. Myrcha, Nicholas Benjamin Sundstrom, Bharati Naik, Anjali Ila Nambrath, Basanta Kumar Nandi, Rosario Nania, E. Nappi, Adrian Fereydon Nassirpour, Vlad-Iulius Nastase, Abhishek Nath, A. Nath, C. Nattrass, Kirill Naumov, M. N. Naydenov, A. Neagu, L. Nellen, Roman Nepeivoda, S. Nese, Nicola Nicassio, B. S. Nielsen, E. G. Nielsen, Sergey Nikolaev, Vladimir Nikulin, Francesco Noferini, S. Y. Noh, P. Nomokonov, J. Norman, N. Novitzky, A. Nyanin, J. Nystrand, Matthew Robert Ockleton, M. Ogino, Saehanseul Oh, A. Ohlson, Vitaly Okorokov, J. Oleniacz, A. Önnerstad, C. Oppedisano, A. Ortiz Velasquez, J. Otwinowski, Motomi Oya, K. Oyama, S. Padhan, D. Pagano, Guy Paic, A. Palasciano, Iaroslav Panasenko, S. Panebianco, Caterina Pantouvakis, H. Park, J. Park, S. Park, Jasper Elias Parkkila, Y. Patley, Pradeep Paudel, B. Paul, H. Pei, T. Peitzmann, X. Peng, M. Pennisi, Stefania Perciballi, Dmitrii Peresunko, Guillermo Mesa Perez, Yury Pestov, V. Petrov, M. Petrovici, Stefano Piano, M. Pikna, P. Pillot, O. Pinazza, L. Pinsky, C. Pinto, S. Pisano, Mateusz Andrzej Ploskon, M. Planinić, D. K. Plociennik, M. G. Poghosyan, S. Politano, N. Poljak, A. Pop, Sarah Julie Porteboeuf, V. Pozdniakov, Irandheny Yoval Pozos, Kshitish Kumar Pradhan, S. K. Prasad, Suraj Prasad, R. Preghenella, F. Prino, C. A. Pruneau, Igor Pshenichnov, M. Puccio, S. Pucillo, S. Qiu, Luca Quaglia, Aswathy Menon Kavumpadikkal Radhakrishnan, S. Ragoni, Ananya Rai, A. Rakotozafindrabe, Niveditha Ramasubramanian, L. Ramello, Cesar Omar Ramirez Alvarez, M. Rasa, S. S. Räsänen, R. Rath, Max Philip Rauch, I. Ravasenga, K. F. Read, C. Reckziegel, A. Redelbach, K. Redlich, C. A. Reetz, A. Rehman, F. Reidt, Haakon André Reme-Ness, K. Reygers, Andrei Riabov, V. Riabov, R. Ricci, Matthias Rudolph Richter, Anton Albert Riedel, W. Riegler, A. G. Riffero, Michele Rignanese, C. Ripoli, Catalin-Lucian Ristea, Manuel Viqueira Rodriguez, M. Rodríguez Cahuantzi, S. A. Rodríguez Ramírez, K. Røed, Roman Rogalev, Elena Rogochaya, Tim Sebastian Rogoschinski, David Michael Rohr, D. Röhrich, Solangel Rojas Torres, Przemyslaw Stefan Rokita, G. Romanenko, F. Ronchetti, Diana Rosales Herrera, E. D. Rosas, K. Rosłon, Ankhi Roy, Subhadeep Roy, Nicola Rubini, Justus Arne Rudolph, Daniela Ruggiano, R. Rui, Pawel Grzegorz Russek, Roberto Russo, Anar Rustamov, Evgeny Ryabinkin, Y. Ryabov, Andrzej Krzysztof Rybicki, Lucy Ryder, J. Ryu, W. Rzesa, Bianca Sabiu, Samrangy Sadhu, S. Sadovsky, J. Saetre, S. Saha, Bhagyarathi Sahoo, R. Sahoo, Dushmanta Sahu, Pradip Kumar Sahu, J. Saini, K. Sajdakova, S. Sakai, Sanjeev Singh Sambyal, Daniel Samitz, I. Sanna, Thiago Badaro Saramela, D. Sarkar, P. Sarma, Valerio Sarritzu, V. M. Sarti, M. H. P. Sas, S. Sawan, E. Scapparone, Johann Joachim Schambach, Horst Sebastian Scheid, Claudiu Cornel Schiaua, R. Schicker, Felix Schlepper, A. 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Bibliographic record
VenueThe European Physical Journal C · 2025
Typepreprint
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicHigh-Energy Particle Collisions Research
Canadian institutionsInstitute of Particle Physics
FundersNuclear PhysicsNational Research, Development and Innovation OfficeInstitut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des ParticulesGSI Helmholtzzentrum für SchwerionenforschungTürkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma KurumuFondo de Cooperación Internacional en Ciencia y TecnologíaState Committee of ScienceNorges ForskningsrådVetenskapsrådetFinanciadora de Estudos e ProjetosForskningsrådet om Hälsa, Arbetsliv och VälfärdSuranaree University of TechnologyNational Research Foundation of KoreaNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Science and Technology Development AgencyVillum FondenJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoGeneral Secretariat for Research and TechnologyDanmarks GrundforskningsfondMinisterstvo školstva, vedy, výskumu a športu Slovenskej republikyPontificia Universidad Católica del PerúNational Research FoundationGrantová Agentura České RepublikyAustrian Science FundKorea Institute of Science and TechnologyFP7 International CooperationMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungU.S. Department of EnergyDanmarks Frie ForskningsfondÖsterreichischen Akademie der WissenschaftenEuropean CommissionFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São PauloKorea Institute of Science and Technology InformationDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftNederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekMinistry of Education of the People's Republic of ChinaScience and Technology Facilities CouncilHrvatska Zaklada za ZnanostBadan Riset dan Inovasi NasionalUniversity Grants CommissionIstituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareDepartment of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, IndiaDirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research, IndiaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulCERNCentro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo NuclearNational Science Foundation
KeywordsPartonLarge Hadron ColliderCollisionPhotonCross section (physics)Perturbative QCDNucleonQuantum chromodynamics
Abstract
Abstract This paper presents the measurement of the isolated prompt photon inclusive production cross section in pp and p–Pb collisions by the ALICE Collaboration at the LHC. The measurement is performed in p–Pb collisions at centre-of-mass energies per nucleon pair of $$\sqrt{s_{\text {NN}}}={5.02}\,\textrm{TeV}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msqrt> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>NN</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>5.02</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>TeV</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and 8.16 TeV, as well as in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}={5.02}\,\textrm{TeV}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>5.02</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>TeV</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and 8 TeV. The cross section is obtained at midrapidity $$(|y|<0.7)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mo><</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.7</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> using a charged-track based isolation momentum $$p_\textrm{T}^{\text {iso,~ch}}<{1.5}\,\textrm{GeV}/c$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>T</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>iso, ch</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo><</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1.5</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>GeV</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> in a cone with radius $$R=0.4$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.4</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . The data for both collision systems are well reproduced by perturbative QCD (pQCD) calculations at next-to-leading order (NLO) using recent parton distribution functions for free (PDF) and bound (nPDF) nucleons. Furthermore, the nuclear modification factor $$R_{\text {pA}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>pA</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> </mml:math> for both collision energies is consistent with unity for $$p_{\textrm{T}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>T</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> </mml:math> $$>{20}\,\textrm{GeV}/c$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>></mml:mo> <mml:mn>20</mml:mn> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>GeV</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . However, deviations from unity ( $$R_\textrm{pA}<1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>pA</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> <mml:mo><</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) of up to 20% are observed for $$p_{\textrm{T}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>T</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> </mml:math> $$<{20}\,\textrm{GeV}/c$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo><</mml:mo> <mml:mn>20</mml:mn> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>GeV</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> with limited significance, indicating the possible presence of nuclear effects in the initial state of the collision. The suppression increases with decreasing $$p_{\textrm{T}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>T</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> </mml:math> with a s
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.162
Threshold uncertainty score0.564
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.033
GPT teacher head0.297
Teacher spread0.264 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
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Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes