Analysis of latent profiles of gratitude, indebtedness, and religiosity among individuals in romantic relationships in the United States, Canada, and South Korea
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Interpersonal gratitude, a positive emotion arising from receiving benefits, often co-occurs with indebtedness, an obligation to repay a favor. While valued across religions, gratitude and indebtedness have been predominantly examined in Western cultures, where gratitude is often a univalent positive experience. In East Asian cultures, the co-occurrence of positive and negative emotions is more common. In this study, we used latent profile analysis to identify subgroups of individuals based on their gratitude, indebtedness, and religiosity. In both samples (United States/Canada N = 543; South Korea N = 530), we identified three distinct profiles, which were similar across samples. In the American/Canadian sample, grateful nonreligious (high gratitude, moderate indebtedness, low religiosity) and in South Korea, highly indebted moderates (high gratitude, high indebtedness, moderate religiosity) experienced lower life satisfaction and self-esteem. These findings underscore cultural similarities in gratitude in romantic relationships, while highlighting how religiosity and indebtedness differentially impact personal well-being across cultures.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it