PSXII-25 Effects of Aspergillus oryzae-derived prebiotics on ruminal fermentation and the microbiome in an artificial rumen system (Rusitec).
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Prebiotics that stimulate beneficial microbes have had varying success in improving animal health and enhancing production efficiency. Aspergillus oryzae prebiotics (AOP) are produced from a multi-step fermentation process of a selected strain that have been shown to have beneficial effects on rumen fermentation. However, their effect on the rumen microbiome has not been fully evaluated using up-to-date molecular techniques. The objectives of this study were to assess the effects AOP on rumen fermentation and on bacterial and fungal communities in hope of generating insight into the mechanisms whereby AOP modulates rumen metabolism. The experiment was conducted using an artificial rumen (Rusitec) for 19 d in a completely randomized experiment. Three treatments consisting of the basal diet as Control (C), basal diet supplemented with AOP at 6 mg (AOPl) or 10 mg/fermenter (AOPh) per day were assessed with 4 replicate fermenters per treatment. Total gas production, methane, ammonia, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and microbial protein production were measured. Specific rumen bacteria and methanogens were analyzed using real-time PCR and bacterial (16SrRNA) and fungal (ITS) microbiomes were determined using Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology. Fermentation data were subjected to analysis of variance using the MIXED procedure of SAS with treatment as the main effect, and differences (P < 0.05) among treatments were tested using the LSMEANS procedure of SAS with the PDIFF option. Supplementation of AOP at 6 and 10 mg/fermenter per day linearly increased total gas production (P=0.005), dry matter disappearance (P=0.023), neutral detergent fiber disappearance (P< 0.001), total VFA (P=0.009) and total microbial protein production (P=0.044) with most differences being observed between C and AOPh. However, starch disappearance, methane production and ratio of acetate and propionate were not affected by either AOPl or AOPh. PCR analysis revealed that AOP linearly increased total daily output of 16S rRNA gene copies of total cellulolytic bacteria (sum of Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens; P=0.049) associated with feed particles, with this response being greatest for F. succinogenes (P=0.027). However, treatment had no effect on daily total outputs of the mcrA gene associated with methanogens or on 16S rRNA gene copies of Ruminobacter amylophilus and Selenomonas ruminantium. Microbiome analysis revealed that AOP did not affect diversity and abundances of either bacterial or fungi at the phylum level. However, AOP altered the composition of bacterial and fungal community at the genera level, with and noteworthy increase (P< 0.05) in cellulolytic bacterial and fungal microbiota. These results demonstrated that addition of AOP to an artificial rumen improved fermentation efficiency via positively altering the bacterial and fungal microbiomes involved in fiber digestion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".