PSX-1 Effects of maternal stressors on testicular development in utero in beef cattle.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Maternal stressors during pregnancy, particularly nutritional restriction, may impair fetal testicular development in beef cattle, with implications for bull fertility and herd productivity. This study evaluated the effects of mild mid-gestational protein restriction on in utero testicular development by assigning 32 Angus cows to two dietary treatments: Non-supplemented (7% crude protein, 80% of requirements) or Supplemented (10% crude protein, 100% of requirements). Bull calves (n = 19) were castrated at 2–3 months of age and testes were subjected to histology (seminiferous tubule diameter and lumen development) and immunohistochemistry (Sertoli cell and spermatogonia markers). In addition, serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations were determined. There were no differences (P > 0.05) between groups in testicular volume, tubule diameter, or AMH concentrations (P > 0.25). However, interstitial tissue composition tended to differ (P = 0.065), with NS calves having modest reductions, suggesting subtle deficits in somatic and germ cell proliferation under maternal nutritional stress. Calf birth, weaning and castration weights were unaffected (P > 0.12). Although mild mid-gestational protein restriction did not overtly disrupt early testicular architecture, marginal interstitial tissue changes suggest potential subtle effects of maternal nutrition on fetal testicular development that may not manifest until later stages of growth or reproductive maturity. Long-term studies assessing puberty onset and semen quality in progeny are critical to clarify these developmental impacts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".