88 Factors that influence instances of increased gut permeability.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Epithelial cells lining the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) maintain a selectively permeable barrier, facilitating ion and nutrient movement while regulating transcellular movement of molecules. Disruption of this selectively permeable barrier may permit the movement of compounds across the GIT that are harmful or toxic, thereby compromising animal health. Considering this, researchers have aimed to identify instances where there is increased risk for loss of GIT barrier function. In ruminants, total tract gastrointestinal permeability appears to be affected by luminal osmolality, age, dietary nutrient supply, and may be affected by systemic inflammation originating from other organs. For instance, hyperosmotic conditions within the lumen of the GIT increase risk for greater permeability, at least when measured ex vivo. Abrupt weaning of milk fed calves has been reported to increase total tract permeability shortly after the weaning phase. In mature ruminants, exposure to short-term feed restriction also transiently increases GIT permeability, with greater responses occurring 2 d after exposure to feed restriction relative to 5 d after exposure. Based on movement of mannitol across the isolated ruminal epithelium ex vivo, it appears that pre-gastric and hindgut regions of the GIT have lower permeability than regions of the small intestine. However, ex vivo movement of a much larger molecule, inulin, does not follow the same response, with greater flux rates observed across the ruminal and omasal epithelia than other regions. That said, exposure of beef or dairy cattle to low feed intake appears to disproportionately increase post-ruminal permeability when measured in vivo, supporting the suggestion that intestinal regions may be at greater risk for barrier dysfunction. Overall, the current data are interpreted to suggest that 55 to 82% of the total tract permeability occurs in the post-ruminal regions. While few studies have assessed GIT permeability in response to non-gastric infectious disease, infusing lipopolysaccharide into the mammary gland resulted in lesser GIT permeability. In conclusion, exposure to low feed intake appears to transiently increase permeability of the gastrointestinal tract with post-ruminal regions being affected to a greater extent. Effects arising from systemic inflammation or infectious disease targeting non-gastrointestinal tract organs requires further investigation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".