Polimorfisme PTPN22 rs2476601 terhadap diabetes tipe 1 pada anak-anak di Benua Asia: Sebuah tinjauan sistematik dan meta analisis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: The incidence of T1DM in childhood and adolescence continues to rise, with rates reaching 22.9 new cases per year per 100,000 children up to 15 years of age. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position 1858 (rs2476601) in the coding sequence of the PTPN22 gene results in an Arg to Trp mutation, which increases the risk of T1DM in pediatric patients. This systematic review aims to determine the role of PTPN22 rs2476601 polymorphism on the incidence of type 1 diabetes in children on the Asian continent. Methods: This article is a systematic review and meta-analysis study using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline, using keywords such as Polymorphism OR single nucleaotide AND PTPN22 AND rs2476601 OR C1858T AND Type 1 Diabetic AND Children OR Paediatric. Articles were obtained from several databases such as Google Scholar, Pubmed, Cochrane, Sciendirect. Articles obtained will be screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Study quality will be assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS). Data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4 software. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Higgins I². Results: Seven relevant studies were included in this study. The analysis showed that the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus was significantly higher in patients with the T allele (SNP rs2476601) compared to the C allele (OR: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.07-0.10; p<0.001; heterogeneity χ²=150.75; I²=99%; p-heterogeneity<0.001; df=2). In addition, the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus was also significantly higher in patients who had the A allele compared to the G allele (OR: 0.04; 95% CI: 0.03-0.06; p<0.001; heterogeneity χ² = 93.20; I² = 98%; p-heterogeneity<0.001; df =2). Conclusion: SNP rs2476601 in the PTPN22 gene increases the risk of developing T1DM in children. Pendahuluan: Insiden DMT1 pada masa kanak-kanak dan remaja terus meningkat, dengan angka mencapai 22,9 kasus baru per tahun per 100.000 anak hingga usia 15 tahun. Polimorfisme nukleotida tunggal (SNP) pada posisi 1858 (rs2476601) pada urutan pengkodean gen PTPN22 menghasilkan mutasi Arg menjadi Trp, yang meningkatkan risiko DMT1 pada pasien anak. Tinjauan sistematis ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran polimorfisme PTPN22 rs2476601 terhadap kasus diabetes tipe 1 pada anak-anak di benua Asia. Metode: Artikel ini merupakan studi systematic review dan meta-analisis yang menggunakan guideline Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), menggunakan kata kunci berupa Polymorphism OR single nucleaotide AND PTPN22 AND rs2476601 OR C1858T AND Type 1 Diabetic AND Children OR Paediatric. Artikel diperoleh dari beberapa database seperti Google Scholar, Pubmed, Cochrane, Sciendirect. Artikel yang diperoleh akan diskrining berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Kualitas studi akan dinilai menggunakan Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS). Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Review Manager 5.4. Heterogenitas dievaluasi dengan menggunakan Higgins I². Hasil: Didapatkan tujuh penelitian relevan yang diinklusi pada studi ini. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kejadian diabetes melitus tipe 1 secara signifikan lebih banyak terjadi pada pasien yang memiliki alel T (SNP rs2476601) dibandingkan dengan alel C (OR: 0,09; 95% CI: 0,07-0,10; p<0,001; heterogenitas χ² = 150,75; I² = 99%; p-heterogenitas<0,001; df =2). Selain itu, kejadian diabetes melitus tipe 1 juga secara signifikan lebih banyak terjadi pada pasien yang memiliki alel A dibandingkan dengan alel G (OR: 0,04; 95% CI: 0,03-0,06; p<0,001; heterogenitas χ² = 93,20; I² = 98%; p-heterogenitas<0,001; df =2). Simpulan: SNP rs2476601 pada gen PTPN22 meningkatkan risiko terjadinya DMT1 pada pada anak.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.015 | 0.021 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.014 | 0.030 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".