Exploring the effects of task design on the flexion-relaxation phenomenon in the lumbar spine during repetitive lifting
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Repetitive forward flexion of the lumbar spine can result in creep deformation which can disrupt load sharing between active and passive tissues. Lumbar spine kinematics and lumbar erector spinae (LES) electromyography were used to measure flexion relaxation (FR) angle changes across two lifting conditions matched for cumulative external load (Condition 1: 75 lifts of 13 kg load, Condition 2: 150 lifts of 6.5 kg load). Males showed increases in FR onset angle in response to the low load, high repetition condition, while females displayed increases in these metrics in the high load, low repetition condition. This work suggests that task design of a repetitive lifting task, and creep accumulation in the lumbar spine may be sex specific and future work should look to consider both task parameters, as well as worker demographics when designing and evaluating repetitive lifting task.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".