Tracing groundwater’s footprint in African semi-arid lands: isotopic tools for aquifer management
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In African arid and semi-arid lands, groundwater is a strategic resource. However, in some watersheds like Moulouya Basin in Morocco, the groundwater circulation and recharge mechanisms are still not well known. Hence, this study investigates the recharge and hydrodynamic interactions within aquifers through an integrated geochemical and isotopic approach. Hydrochemical facies reveal carbonate control on water chemistry, while elevated SO₄2−, NO₃−, and Cl− concentrations reach 465, 42, and 874 mg/L, respectively, indicating both geogenic inputs and anthropogenic impacts. Radiocarbon dating showed groundwater ages ranging from modern to over 30 000 years, revealing a dual system of shallow, vulnerable aquifers and deep fossil water bodies. Stable isotopes confirmed recharge from high-altitude zones in the Middle and High Atlas. A conceptual model highlights complex and connected multilayered aquifers with limited renewal potential. This work emphasizes the urgent need for integrated groundwater management to protect modern and ancient water resources in arid environments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".