Catalyst Layer Modifications for Enhanced Performance of Fluorine‐Free Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The inclusion of insoluble, hyperbranched sulfonated phenylated poly(phenylene) terphenyl (HB‐sPPT) particles in catalyst layers (CLs) is demonstrated to enhance the current‐voltage characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cells based on Pemion ionomer and Pemion membranes. HB‐sPPT ionomer particles are prepared in three different sizes: as‐prepared (45 μm), hand‐ground (33 μm), or ball‐milled (20 μm). Incorporated into CLs, the ionomer particles affect the CL's electrochemically active surface area, porosity, and ionic conductivity. This results in a 30% increment in maximum power in fuel cells containing ionomer particles in the CL, with the effect being inversely correlated to the particle size.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it