Efficient high-power continuous-wave multi-slab Fe:ZnSe laser at 4.1 μm
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report high-efficiency continuous-wave operation of a cryogenically cooled Fe 2+ :ZnSe laser at 4.167 µm using a four-slab configuration (2.75 mm each, 4.3-7.9 × 10 18 cm -3 ) optimized for pump absorption and gain distribution. Cooled to 90 K and double-end pumped at 2.832 µm by two fiber-bulk hybrid Cr:ZnSe lasers (17 W and 13 W), the system achieved complete pump absorption (η a ≈ 99.68%), delivering 13.9 W output with 41% slope efficiency. Beam quality was near diffraction-limited (M X 2 =1.13±0.11,M Y 2 =1.24±0.12). The lasing wavelength red-shifted from 4.036 to 4.167 µm with power, attributed to thermal and gain-spectrum dynamics. This architecture mitigates thermal lensing and supports efficient mid-infrared power scaling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".