Importance of Pulmonary Embolism Anatomy in Ventilatory Distress and Haemodynamics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with clinical outcomes strongly influenced by the anatomical distribution of emboli. This review explores the impact of PE anatomy on ventilatory distress and haemodynamics, emphasising the distinction between proximal and distal emboli. Proximal emboli, located in the main or lobar pulmonary arteries, significantly impairing pulmonary flow, increase pulmonary artery pressure and cause severe right ventricular dysfunction, necessitating prompt intervention. Distal emboli, while less severe, still pose risks, especially in patients with cardiopulmonary comorbidities, potentially leading to localised ventilation-perfusion mismatch and hypoxaemia. Therapeutic approaches vary by clinical status and embolus location, with systemic thrombolysis or catheter-directed therapy preferred for unstable patients with usually proximal PE, while anticoagulation suffices in stable cases, most of which involve distal emboli. Understanding PE anatomy and its relationship with PE haemodynamic and ventilatory failure is critical for risk stratification, treatment guidance and improvement of patient outcomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".