Prognostic Value of Parkinson's Disease Subtypes in the <scp>LABS</scp> ‐ <scp>PD</scp> Cohort: Functional Ability, Quality of Life and Mortality
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Research on Parkinson's disease (PD) heterogeneity may inform clinical prognosis. There is currently no fully validated PD subtype classification system. OBJECTIVES: We aimed at assessing the prognostic relevance of a data-driven PD subtype classification system. METHODS: To identify PD subtypes, we conducted cluster analyses in the Longitudinal and Biomarker Studies in Parkinson's Disease study (LABS-PD) cohort including 461 PD patients enrolled within 2 years of diagnosis and followed for at least 5 years. We determined the association of each PD subtype with the mean changes in the Schwab & England Activities of Daily Living (SE-ADL) and Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39). We evaluated the association of each PD subtype with the death rate and time to death, after mortality ascertainment using the National Death Index database and review of records at study sites. RESULTS: We identified three subtypes: Tremor Predominant, Motor Complications, and Rapid Progression. Over 2 years, the change of SE-ADL score for the "Motor Complications" subtype (-4.26, 95% CI: -6.60, -1.91) was worse compared to the "Tremor Predominant" subtype (0.43, 95% CI: -1.35, 2.22). The adjusted death rate was lower for the "Tremor Predominant" subtype compared to the "Motor Complications" subtype (HR [time to death]: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.52). CONCLUSIONS: PD subtypes generated in LABS-PD cohort have prognostic value, for short-term functional ability and long-term survival. Membership in the "Tremor Predominant" subtype 5 years after PD diagnosis was associated with preserved functional ability and longer survival compared to the "Motor Complications" subtype.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.052 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".