Identification and Global Distribution of a Core Microbiome From High‐Arctic Lakes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Arctic lakes are sentinels of climate change, yet their microbial community structure and functioning remain poorly understood. This study analysed the genetic content of clear-water Arctic lakes and their surroundings using high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to identify their core microbiome and its contribution to the overall taxonomy pool. To assess geographical constraints and oligotrophic conditions, these results were compared with a latitudinally diverse multi-basin oligotrophic lake in a temperate climate. Arctic and temperate lakes exhibited different assemblages, but both showed similar transitional gradients of microbial community composition from upstream soils/inlets through the lake system to the outlet, driven mainly by the dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristics. Distinct core microbiomes were identified for temperate and Arctic lakes, with Arctic lakes appearing more diverse. A limited shared core microbiome was observed between the two regions, composed mostly of typical freshwater bacteria. While core taxa identities differed between regions, most exhibited characteristics of generalist bacteria with a strong global presence. These results provide key insights into the structure of remote high Arctic lakes, contributing to our understanding of aquatic microbial ecology in a transitioning Arctic and identifying microbial communities and individual taxa of interest for further study on oligotrophy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".