Ice thickness of Comox and Kokanee Glaciers, British Columbia, determined through relative gravity surveys
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. Ice thickness data are sparse or lacking for many glaciers worldwide, making it difficult to track changes in ice volume due to ongoing climate change. In this study, we collect and model relative gravity survey data, to provide the first estimate of ice thickness for the retreating Comox Glacier, a historically important source of freshwater for eastern Vancouver Island, British Columbia. We validate our approach by carrying out a similar analysis across the Kokanee Glacier, for comparison with recent ice penetrating radar results. Modelling of the Bouguer gravity anomaly across each glacier provides an average inferred ice thickness of 42 ± 4 m across a 450 m transect of Comox Glacier, and 50 ± 3 m across a 220 m transect of Kokanee Glacier, consistent with previous measurements. Future repeat surveys will enable monitoring of ice thickness changes over time. Compared to other methods, gravity surveying offers a lower cost and logistically simpler alternative for the collection of ice thickness data on glaciers worldwide.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".