Effect of Flow Approach Angle on Flow Periodicity and Acoustic Resonance in Triangular Tube Bundles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This study experimentally investigates acoustic resonance in a small pitch ratio triangular tube array (P/D = 1.5), emphasizing the impact of flow approach angle on the intensity of acoustic resonance and the associated periodic flow instabilities. The objective is to determine the dominant mechanism sustaining acoustic resonance in heat exchanger applications, particularly when the flow direction deviates from being strictly normal to the tube array. Three flow approach angles—0°, 15°, and 30°—were analyzed, covering the standard triangular configurations (parallel triangular tube array at 0° and normal triangular tube array at 30°) as well as an intermediate case (15°). The results indicate that the maximum acoustic pressure at resonance is highly sensitive to the flow approach angle. Furthermore, periodic flow structures and their corresponding Strouhal numbers were evaluated for each angle, identifying the flow periodicity responsible for triggering acoustic resonance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".