Measurement of Lateral Resolution in Confocal Raman Spectroscopy Using Indium Arsenide Nanowires
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Lateral resolution is a key figure of merit for spectroscopy across all applications. Confocal Raman spectroscopy is able to provide chemical and structural information with submicrometre resolution, resulting in widespread use across multiple disciplines of science and technology. However, the lack of agreed‐upon measurement standards and appropriate reference samples has hindered uptake. Here, we report the development and demonstration of a reference sample based on indium arsenide (InAs) semiconducting nanowires for measuring the lateral resolution of confocal Raman spectroscopy with a pathway for traceability to the International System of Units (SI). An interlaboratory comparison involving 15 participants from 11 countries has been conducted to rigorously test and demonstrate the suitability of the sample and the method. The study identified required revisions to the measurement protocol to improve the consistency of data analysis and that the long‐term operational stability of the reference sample requires further improvement. Based on a revised data analysis protocol, the method delivered consistent results at the 95% confidence level for eight of the nine participants who returned full datasets. Outcomes from this study have contributed to the publication of a new international standard (ISO 23124:2024).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".