Symmetry Breaking and Hydrogen Bonding in Phthalimide Compounds Enable Efficient Room‐Temperature Circularly Polarized Phosphorescence in Solution
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The development of purely organic chiral room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) emitters is attracting more and more attention. However, the key parameters governing the polarized luminescence process remain difficult to predict and rationalize since the phosphorescence emission is rarely obtained in solution, hampering any structure‐relationship studies. To address this challenge, we report here the synthesis and chiroptical properties of a new family of metal‐free phosphorescent emitters based on phthalimide derivatives. Breaking symmetry of the phthalimide units and using intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bonding enable the obtention of circularly polarized (CP) RTP in solution with g lum of up to 5 × 10 −3 . Interestingly, our investigations demonstrate the intricate role of hydrogen bonding interactions in modulating triplet state generation through the mixing of singlet and triplet states of different nature, i.e., n‐π* and π–π*, in the excited state, which is a crucial parameter for achieving intense CP‐RTP. These results bring additional molecular design guidelines to reach CP‐RTP in solution and additionally offer new insights into the subtle relationships between excited states of different spin multiplicity to reach higher CP phosphorescence intensity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".