Negative Out-of-Plane Electromechanical Response in Nonpiezoelectric van der Waals Layered Materials Encapsulated by Monolayer Boron Nitride
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide The negative out-of-plane piezoelectric response is a rare phenomenon in nonpiezoelectric van der Waals (vdW) materials. In this study, we present a straightforward method to manipulate the sign of the out-of-plane piezoelectric responses of vdW centrosymmetric materials by creating vdW heterostructures. Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) results indicate that the out-of-plane piezoresponse of WSe 2 nanoflakes changes from positive to negative when capped with a monolayer of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). Based on the Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) results and first-principles calculations, the charge transfer is examined to occur between WSe 2 and h-BN, resulting in a built-in electric field (EF). The observed negative piezoresponse in the WSe 2 /BN heterostructures can be attributed to the built-in EF and weak interlayer vdW forces. Our work enhances the understanding of the electromechanical performances of vdW layered heterostructures and may provide a new method for designing novel vdW material-based devices utilizing electromechanical properties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".