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Record W4414989644 · doi:10.22215/cujs.v5i3.5413

How Companies Respond to Environmental Challenges

2025· article· en· W4414989644 on OpenAlexaff
Oscar Chavez, Jinsun Bae

Bibliographic record

VenueCarleton undergraduate journal of science. · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicSustainable Development and Environmental Policy
Canadian institutionsCarleton University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsEnvironmental reportingSustainabilitySupply chainProduction (economics)Corporate social responsibilityEnvironmental impact assessmentSocial responsibility

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Using twenty scholarly articles provided by Professor Jinsun Bae, information will be extracted using a literature review form which will aid in Jinsun’s larger project. Her project examines corporate responses to labor and environmental issues as reported in journal articles of the past twenty years across various social science disciplines. My literature reviews aim to answer the following question in recent studies published between 2018 and 2023: How do companies respond to environmental challenges in global supply chains? The findings were that companies are encountering a range of environmental issues. Every industry that was analyzed encountered some sort of environmental issue. Companies adopted several strategies to deal with these environmental challenges, including green supply chain management, partnering with NGOs such as research groups and universities, waste management and recycling, and the adoption of sustainable or alternative materials during the production process.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.004
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.010
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: Qualitative
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.012
Threshold uncertainty score0.025

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0040.010
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.003
Science and technology studies0.0050.003
Scholarly communication0.0120.008
Open science0.0010.004
Research integrity0.0050.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0050.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.013
GPT teacher head0.235
Teacher spread0.223 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designQualitative
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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Same venueCarleton undergraduate journal of science.Same topicSustainable Development and Environmental PolicyFrench-language works237,207