Hole mobility in compressively strained germanium on silicon exceeds 7 × 106 cm2V-1s−1
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The concurrent achievement of the record-low resistance charge transport and compatibility with spin qubit technology in solid-state materials is a critical milestone for advancing high-speed, energy-efficient classical and quantum electronics technologies. Here, we demonstrate that holes, the positively charged counterparts of electrons, can propagate with exceptional ease in a nanometres-thin compressively strained germanium layer epitaxially grown on a silicon substrate. Through precise material engineering, we achieve a record-breaking hole mobility of 7.15 × 10 6 cm 2 V -1 s −1 at a density of 1.7 × 10 11 cm −2 , establishing a new benchmark for hole transport in group-IV semiconductor materials, importantly, epitaxially grown on a silicon substrate. Our work outlines a design strategy for realising an ultra-clean, low-dimensional system that confines highly mobile holes within a quantum well, while maintaining excellent electrostatic tunability. Crucially, the observed high hole mobility is achieved in gated Hall-bar devices, demonstrating their practical viability for scalable cryogenic classical and quantum electronics applications. These findings unlock new opportunities for a high-performance semiconductor platform capable of underpinning the next generation of quantum information processing, cloud data centres, AI-driven technologies and energy-efficient electronics.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it