An RIS Unit Cell With an Independently Controllable Phase-Frequency Slope and Phase Center
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has emerged as an important technology to optimize the multi-path environment in the next generation of wireless communication systems. RIS is typically a 2D array of reconfigurable unit cells that forms a controllable beam by creating a phase gradient across the array surface. In this work, we design an electrically tunable linearly polarized RIS at 2.5 GHz that yields a resonance profile with both a controllable phase at the band-center frequency and a controllable phase-frequency slope. In other words, we add the tunability of the phase-frequency slope to the tunability of a resonance center frequency to increase the achievable rate of wideband communication systems. The proposed design consists of three layers of unit cells with dog-bone-shaped elements in the top layer, patch elements in the middle layer, and a ground plane in the bottom layer. Each patch and dog-bone-shaped element is loaded with a varactor. The reverse bias voltages are then controlled to provide a phase-frequency profile with +90°, 0°, and −90° phase shift at 2.5 GHz and a slope that varies between 0.39°/MHz and 6.56°/MHz. Measurements at 2.5 GHz using a prototype array of 4 × 5 dog-bone elements overtop of 5 × 5 patch elements show phase-frequency profiles with +90°, 0°, and −90° phase shift and slope values between 0.42°/MHz and 9.35°/MHz, thus validating the design.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".