Halotolerant PGPB Delivered by Drip Irrigation Improve Crop Yield and Quality Through Changes in the Soil Bacterial Community
Bibliographic record
Abstract
• Halotolerant PGPB delivered by drip irrigation improved crop yield and quality on saline-alkali soils. • Impacts of drip irrigation halo-PGPB on soil nutrients and microbial community were clarified. • The mechanisms of halo-PGPB for alleviating crop saline stress were revealed. Halotolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have great potential for alleviating salinity stress in crops. However, the current methods used with these bacteria are typically based on one-time inoculations, including soil basal application, seed dressing and plant infestation, all of which make it difficult to guarantee the desired plant effects. Here, we investigated the effects of seven halotolerant PGPB individually applied through a drip irrigation system in small quantities and at high frequency during the plant’s growth period on the soil physicochemical properties, plant agronomic performance and bacterial community in saline soil. Our findings revealed that drip irrigation with halotolerant PGPB notably decreased the soil pH and electrical conductivity while increasing the yield and fruit quality of jujube plants. Specifically, the Bacillus licheniformis (BL) and Bacillus mucilaginous (BM) treatments outperformed the control (no PGPB irrigation) by increasing the yield and vitamin C (VC) content by 23% and 22%, respectively. Additionally, the presence of halotolerant PGPB enriched the diversity of the bacterial community in the jujube rhizosphere and increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacterial groups at both the phylum (e.g., Cyanobacteria and Nitrospirota) and genus (e.g., Psychrobacter , Flavobacterium , and Steroidobacter ) levels. Bacterial interactions, represented by co-occurrence networks, were more complex in the treatments involving PGPB irrigation, contributing to the transformation of the network keystones involved in soil nutrient cycling. Applications of BL, Bacillus cereus (BC), and BM reduced the soil salinity and increased the soil available nutrient contents and plant antioxidant enzyme activities, alleviating salinity stress and resulting in increases in crop yield and quality. This study highlights the feasibility and efficiency of applying halotolerant PGPB via drip irrigation in saline soil environments, thereby enhancing crop performance under salt stress.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".