Surgical Education Within Planetary Health Curricula: A Global Environmental Scan (2022–2025)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Operating rooms (ORs) represent strategic targets for climate mitigation efforts, given their significant environmental footprint and the need for increased surgical capacity to meet the global surgical burden of disease. OR teams are often unaware of impacts of unsustainable surgical practices. Although research supports the integration of planetary health into clinical education, there is limited data on the availability, structure, and surgical content of such courses. This study examines the availability and accessibility of planetary health courses (PHCs) worldwide, with a focus on identifying surgical content within curricula. An environmental scan was conducted using internet searches, reviewing curricula from the top ten universities in each global region and cross-referencing existing course collections. Courses were evaluated based on type, cost, language, and whether they addressed the environmental impact of surgery. A total of 248 courses were identified, primarily at the graduate level, offered in English, and concentrated in North America and Europe. Only four courses included content on the intersection of planetary health and surgery. These findings demonstrate the lack of surgical content in planetary health education and emphasize the need to develop comprehensive, accessible, and globally representative courses that address the environmental impacts of surgical care.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".